Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Cocaine-Induced Changes in Tonic Dopamine Concentrations Measured Using Multiple-Cyclic Square Wave Voltammetry in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Set-up of in vivo voltammetry experiment. (A) Rat surgery set-up. Recording and stimulating electrodes were inserted unilaterally into the core of the nucleus accumbens and medial forebrain bundle, respectively. The counter-reference Ag/AgCl electrode was inserted contralaterally into cortical tissue. The rat is placed in a stereotactic frame with tail vein access, heating pad, and pulse oximetry monitoring. (B,C) Schematic design of waveform-CSWV applied to the CFM and its response. (D) Left-to-right: Raw voltammogram after removal of background currents, high-dimensional pseudo-color plot, M-CSWV signal calibration with tonic dopamine experiment ( n = 4 electrodes). Figures adopted from with permission. Ag/AgCl , silver chloride reference electrode; CFM , carbon-fiber electrode; CSW , cyclic square wave; MFB , medial forebrain bundle; NAc , nucleus accumbens; stim. , bipolar stimulating electrode. Parts of the Figure were created with Biorender.com .

Article Snippet: Using a standard rat atlas , three trephine holes were drilled, the first for placement of a CFM into the NAcc (AP 1.2 mm, ML 2.0 mm, DV 6–7 mm from dura), the second for a stimulating electrode into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) (twisted bipolar stimulating electrode—Plastics One, MS 303/2, Roanoke, VA, with the tips separated by 1 mm; AP −4.6 mm, ML 1.3 mm, DV 8–9 mm from dura), and a third for an Ag/AgCl into the contralateral cortex ( ) ( ).

Techniques: In Vivo

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Cocaine-Induced Changes in Tonic Dopamine Concentrations Measured Using Multiple-Cyclic Square Wave Voltammetry in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Parameters calculated for the FSCV response pre-cocaine and 10 min post-cocaine, based on the model by Walters et al. ( Walters et al., 2015 ). N = 4 rats. S.E.M. values provided. One-tailed paired t -test was performed. A range is provided in the reference values to account for the slow and fast dopamine domains (dorsal striatal measurements based on medial forebrain bundle stimulation).

Article Snippet: Using a standard rat atlas , three trephine holes were drilled, the first for placement of a CFM into the NAcc (AP 1.2 mm, ML 2.0 mm, DV 6–7 mm from dura), the second for a stimulating electrode into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) (twisted bipolar stimulating electrode—Plastics One, MS 303/2, Roanoke, VA, with the tips separated by 1 mm; AP −4.6 mm, ML 1.3 mm, DV 8–9 mm from dura), and a third for an Ag/AgCl into the contralateral cortex ( ) ( ).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Cocaine-Induced Changes in Tonic Dopamine Concentrations Measured Using Multiple-Cyclic Square Wave Voltammetry in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Peak and gradual decay of cocaine-induced changes in stimulation-evoked dopamine release. In vivo FSCV measurements in the nucleus accumbens core showing augmented dopamine responses to cocaine injection (3 mg/kg, i.v.). Responses were measured following medial forebrain bundle stimulation (2 s, biphasic, 300 μA, 2 ms pulse width). (A) Representative pseudo-color plots pre- and post-cocaine injection, (B) Oxidative current-time traces, (C) Voltammograms (at the peak) and (D) Maximum change in dopamine concentration with medial forebrain bundle stimulation at different time points ( n = 4 rats). Black bar represents electrical stimulation (2 s). *denotes p < 0.05. n = 4 rats. DA , dopamine.

Article Snippet: Using a standard rat atlas , three trephine holes were drilled, the first for placement of a CFM into the NAcc (AP 1.2 mm, ML 2.0 mm, DV 6–7 mm from dura), the second for a stimulating electrode into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) (twisted bipolar stimulating electrode—Plastics One, MS 303/2, Roanoke, VA, with the tips separated by 1 mm; AP −4.6 mm, ML 1.3 mm, DV 8–9 mm from dura), and a third for an Ag/AgCl into the contralateral cortex ( ) ( ).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Concentration Assay